Needs Analysis: The Who, What, When and Where of Training Essay

Needs Analysis: The Who, What, When and Where of Training More or less, (needs) investigation is the arranging we do so as to make sense of what to do. Allison Rossett, 1999 Needs examination is the efficient reason for choices about how to impact execution (Stout, 1995). This is the place everything starts - building up connections, investigating procedures, and characterizing arrangements. The key is to look for the hole between the present circumstance and the ideal circumstance and afterward to center assets where they're generally required. The examination must decide main drivers. For instance, an inquiry regarding why something doesn't or won't work is similarly as basic as what individuals do and don't have the foggiest idea. Needs evaluation at that point is an investigation led to decide the specific idea of an authoritative issue and how it tends to be settled. That needs evaluation turns into the reason for savvy suggestions about guidance and supporting hierarchical techniques, and for enrolling support all through the association. Chiefs are frequently in an over the top rush. They execute an answer which is now and then, yet not generally, the right mediation. This can end up being a costly mistake. The biggest cost for HR programs, by a wide margin, is inferable from the time spent by the members in preparing programs, vocation improvement, and association advancement exercises. In preparing, costs because of lost creation and travel time can be as much as 90-95% of the all out program costs (Gilbert, 1988). There are two different ways to learn of preparing needs. The primary strategy adopts the proactive strategy. An instructional architect goes into the framework and looks for issues or potential issues. The objective is to make the framework increasingly proficient and ... ...nowledge Management Meets Analysis. Preparing and Development, 53, pp. 62-68. Rossett, Allison (1997). That was an incredible class, but†¦ Training and Development, 51(7), pp. 18-24. Rossett, Allison (1995). Needs appraisal. In G.J. Anglin (ed.), Instructional Technology: Past, Present, Future (second version) (pp. 183-196). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. Rossett, Allison (1991). At the point when execution and instructional technologists talk: Dialog about effect, change and self-awareness. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 7(2), pp. 71-80. Rossett, Allison (1989). Evaluate for progress. Preparing and Development, 43(5), pp. 55-59. Steadman, S.V. (1980). Figuring out how to Select a Needs Assessment Strategy. Preparing and Development, 30, pp. 56-61. Heavy, D. (1995). Execution Analysis for Training, Niagra Paper Company, Niagra, WI

Good Eating essays

Great Eating articles Everybody has heard the maxim for getting healthy, the kind of food you eat is everything, except what does this expression genuinely mean? For one to be healthy, the individual in question needs to put great, nutritious food into their body that provisions them with enduring vitality. Lamentably, corpulence is a pandemic that has cleared over the United States, and the media's interminable focus on the issue has made it a worry for the masses. A few pundits accept that it isn't the duty of the eater. We should propose the inquiry, who is at fault? Do we identify with the working man and poor people who can't bear sound nourishments by setting fault on organizations, do we assume liability for our own wellbeing propensities, or do we let others, for example, the administration take the fault? As a rule, the individual who is really to blame with regards to the subject of heftiness and weight is the eater since the individual in question is the one settling on the cognizant choice of what to eat. Notwithstanding, there are other cases. In some cases there isn't a lot of one can do when they are living check to check in a low-salary network, so they may require some assistance all together Stoutness has even arrived at kids demonstrating that nobody regardless age, nobody is sheltered from this sickness. Other medical issues emerge when one is overweight, for example, diabetes, and, As indicated by the National Institutes of Health, Type 2 diabetes represents at any rate 30 percent of all new youth instances of diabetes in this nation (Zinczenko 154). In his article Don't Blame the Eater, David Zinczenko contends that the inexpensive food industry is adding to the mind-boggling level of adolescence heftiness in the United States. He sees that there are no sound options for kids and adolescents to take, so the main choice they are left with is modest and calorie plagued quick nourishments. The fault is being put on partnerships since inexpensive food benefactors don't know precisely what they are putting... <!

Productivity vs Efficiency and How to Balance Both

Productivity vs Efficiency and How to Balance Both What if I told you that you could strike a balance for your business that enables you to optimize your business to produce large volumes of high quality products from your current resources? Imagine how that would change the columns on your income statement. The good news is that you can achieve that with minimal struggle. The secret lies in two simple words: productivity, and efficiency.Many people are under the impression that productivity is the same thing as efficiency. This is understandable, especially considering the fact that they are two things that every business owner would want to achieve in business.Today, we are going to look at these two words and how you can revolutionize your business using both concepts. However, before we can go too deep into how you can balance these two for maximum effect, let’s take a step back and try to understand what each of these concepts mean. Let’s start with productivity.WHAT IS PRODUCTIVITY?In most industries, productivity is measured by the output in a specific period. For example, if you produce 500 units in a week, and 700 in the next week, you were more productive in the second week than you were in the first one. It’s all about how much you are able to produce.Of course, this depends on your industry. If you are a salesman, your productivity will be measured by the sales volume you are able to generate. For a service provider, productivitywill be measured by the number of clients they are able to serve and so on. You get the picture.We have all had one of those days when we felt totally useless. No matter how much you try, you just can’t seem to get yourself to do any meaningful work. Even if you force yourself to work, the creative juices are just not flowing. You go back home feeling down and worthless.Have you ever had one of those days?Imagine a journalist who spends hours on a story she knows will do wel l, only to have it thrown to the trash by the boss. She would most likely start questioning her competence as a journalist. The result is that she won’t feel the motivation to work on more stories because she is not even sure if she is cut out for the job. A part of her feels that she might spend a lot of time on a piece and still not have it published.What this journalist lacks, is productivity. She’s not able to produce what is expected of her as a journalist.Let’s flip the coin.You wake up early feeling energetic and alive. You have enough time to make your bed, take a nice warm shower and have a healthy breakfast. You get to work 15 minutes early and have time some to get things in order before you start your workday.Everything just seems to work for you and when you are required to do some creative work, ideas seem to flow to you naturally. You end up producing impeccable results that you are proud to be associated with. Somehow, it doesn’t even feel like you struggled to get these good results so you leave the office feeling happy and in control. When you look back at your day, you can see tangible results.On this day, you were productive and with it came many good emotions. More productivity means getting more output.We all want to be productive in our day to day activities. When we are productive, our superiors are happy and we leave with a good sense of achievement. We are therefore happier and more confident in ourselves.Now that we understand what productivity is, let’s take a look at efficiency.WHAT IS EFFICIENCY?While productivity is about the quantity of the results that we are able to produce, efficiency is about the quality. It looks at the production process, how resources were utilized in the production and the quality of the end products of the production process. Simply put, efficiency is about achieving maximum productivity with minimum waste.So if your job involves processing of raw materials, your efficiency will be determined by your output, but also by the resources that you use in the production process.Let’s look at an example. Two salesmen, Dan and Victor work for an insurance company. They both sell life insurance packages but each salesman has a different approach to selling. In April, Victor brought business worth $10,000 but spent $3,000 on travelling. Dan on the other hand, did all his selling on the phone and was able to sell $9,000. His phone bill was $50. When we consider the two salesmen, we find that Victor is less efficient than Dan because although the total volume of sales is higher, he uses more resources thus creating a smaller profit for the company.Victor is more productive because he was able to bring in more, but Dan is more efficient because he used fewer resources.There are several ways that you can increase your efficiencyand still achieve positive results. The first one is seen in the above example. You can decide to reduce your resource utilization. If your method of getting the job done involves large expenses, you can choose to look for a way to get the same work done without having to incur the expense like what Dan did.The other method of increasing efficiency is reducing wastage. For example, if Victor analyzed his method and found that he visited an average of three clients per day, he can plan the visits in a way that allows him to talk to more people every day. For example, he can schedule appointments with all the clients in a specific area, say, a five block radius,on one day to minimize the time wasted getting from one client to the other.This way, although his travel expenses will not go down, he will be able to meet more clients and as a result, he will stand a chance of increasing the volume of business he brings in a month.If you work in a factory where your primary objective is to process raw materials, you can do this by reducing any wastage of raw materials or time during the processing. For example, measures can be taken to reduce sp illages during transport. Another measure that can help is sending operators to another station when their machine breaks down.Let’s now take a look at how you can improve each of these in your business by looking at the factors affecting productivity and efficiency.FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITYManagement: It’s a well-known fact that management plays a big role in determining productivity. Good management often leads to good performance. Studies have shown that the training, development and encouragement managers give their employees will determine to a great extent how productive the employees become. Managers should keep their promises to employees and they should focus on encouraging the workforce.Office Design: Studies have shown that there is a direct link between productivity and the design of the office. One study showed that improving the physical environment in the office could improve productivity by up to 22%. In the same study, 89% of respondents blamed the office e nvironment for their dissatisfaction with their job. Some of the important things to consider about the office environment include the furniture, lighting, temperature and noise.Breaks: If you are the kind of person who sits at your desk in the morning and work non-stop until evening, you are not getting the most out of your time at work. There are numerous studies that show a positive effect on your productivity from taking breaks. So take a break. You will not lose momentum. If anything, that break will help you stay focused for longer hence your performance on the task will be improved.Man Power: To be able to get the best results, then you need to make the best selection. You need to give the job to the right man. Don’t ask a doctor to do an engineer’s work or vice versa. The other important thing is training. You need to ensure that your workforce is properly trained for the job. Finally, you need to ensure that there are enough people to do the work.Technology:  Although t echnology is often seen as a distraction, when properly it will significantly enhance office productivity. However, you need to also make sure that you pick the right tool for the job. You need to check to make sure that the new technology you are buying will integrate with your existing systems.Input Materials: This comes into play where there are raw materials used in the process. As the popular saying goes, garbage in, garbage out. When you don’t monitor the quality of materials going in, you can easily find yourself with too many defects. As a result, you will have fewer usable products from your raw materials.Vision and Strategy: Employees are generally more productive when they are in an environment where they are motivated to succeed. Having a clear vision for the company and a strategy for getting there makes employees feel involved in helping the company succeed and with that they are also inspired to achieve their personal goals. Involving employees in setting company go als will not only motivate them to be more productive, but it will also encourage innovation that will help the company adapt to changes in the markets.Incentives:  When employees feel that the company has made a commitment to making them achieve their goals, they will work harder towards achieving these goals. Think about it. Where are you likely to perform better between a company that offers bonuses when you hit your targets and another one where there are no rewards for good performance? Incentives can be in form of bonuses, promotions or direct involvement in decision making.Employee Evaluations: Regular evaluation of performance is beneficial to both the employees and management. Evaluations should be interactive where the manager gives feedback â€" both positive and negative â€" on the employee’s performance and the employee gets a chance to talk about the lessons learned since the last evaluation and also to suggest improvements that they would like to see moving forward. Taking suggestions alone is not enough. Where possible, you should incorporate these suggestions in the decisions you make as a manager. This will make them feel happy, needed and as a result, they will be more productive.Stress: Stress also affects productivity but on the other side of the scale. If robs you of your concentration hence you are not able to focus on the tasks that you are supposed to be focusing on. When you are distracted, you are not able to make appropriate decisions at the right time and that will be seen in your output.Job Security: This is a very common cause of uncertainty in workers. This uncertainty is a big reason behind the lack of productivity in employees. Put yourself in an employee’s boots. How would you work if you feel that you can be sent home any minute? Chances are that you will not work to your full potential. Most of your time will be spent worrying because you are not sure when you will be sent packing. You will also second guess every decisi on that you make because who knows? It could be the one that causes your boss to send you home. Managers should avoid firings and layoffs unless they are absolutely necessary. If something like a layoff does occur, managers need to meet with the remaining employees and explain the circumstances and also to give them an assurance that no further layoffs are anticipated in the future.Heavy Workloads: Have you ever found yourself with so much to do that you end up doing nothing? If you are like most people, it becomes very difficult to focus and most of the time you find yourself worrying about the work on your to-do list. That is the same thing that will happen to your employees. In addition to reducing their productivity, it will leave them stressed out, demoralized, and also take a toll on their health.Inadequate Resources: When assigning a task to someone, you should ensure that you provide sufficient time and material resources for the task. This will encourage them to perform to the best of their ability and as a result, they will be proud of their achievements.Poor Health Conditions: An employee with deteriorating health condition will not be productive in the workplace. Every time this employee misses work, someone else will have to carry the workload and the end result is worse for everyone. To counteract this, invest in your employees’ health by providing health coverage for them. Investing in gym memberships and other holistic clubs for employees will promote your employees health and that will have positive results on the company’s performance in the long run.Let’s now look at how you can improve efficiency.FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENCYWorking Hours: Long working hours with no breaks will quickly wear you down. After a few hours of continuous work, you will find yourself tired and mentally drained and as a result it will be hard to concentrate on your work. That’s where the problems start coming in. Your attention to detail will not be as sharp as it should be and as a result, you will miss details that will cause the quality of the output to drop.Compensation: Highly paid workers who receive their dues in full and on time will usually do a better job than their counterparts who are poorly paid. Workers who are poorly paid won’t feel appreciated by the company and in return, they will not put their hearts into the tasks they are assigned. They will always be grumbling since they will be trying to do only what they have to do. Anything that’s not their responsibility is none of their business so you can’t rely on them.Incentives: Just like it is with productivity, incentives can also encourage employees to work efficiently. This time, instead of rewarding high productivity, you focus more on efficiency. For example, rewarding the department with minimum wastes will encourage everyone to try and make the best use of the available resources. You just need to make sure that the method used to determine the department to award is fair and clear enough for everyone to understand.Relationship between employer and employees: There are cases where employers oppress their employees simply because they are in power and nothing can be done to them. In such cases, employees will usually feel that they are too weak to confront the employer. For that reason, the employees might resort to fighting back using other methods that don’t leave them exposed. Most of these methods affect the quality of output hence resources are wasted. For example, a machine operator can loosen a fastener deliberately so that the machine breaks down so that he can be allowed to rest as the machine is being fixed.Competence: Picking the right worker for the job is more beneficial to the employer. This is because the quality will be top-notch and they will usually not need to work under strict supervision. Defective outputs will also be at a minimum. So invest in training your employees and they will thank you with higher efficienc y.Health: Healthy individuals are always more efficient than their counterparts with health problems. If the job environment exposes your employees to hazardous materials, make sure you invest in sufficient protective equipment to show that you are concerned about their well-being. There is nothing scarier than being sent to work on a station where the previous colleague left due to work related illnesses.Technology: Modern technology enables us to achieve much more than what we would have been able to achieve when working using conventional methods. Machines are able to produce a higher quality of output faster when compared to men working using their bare hands. Invest in new technology to save on labor and also to improve the quality of your outputs.Distractions: Every time you are distracted from your work, it can take you up to 15 minutes before your brain can go back to full concentration on the task. This back and forth switching between several tasks overloads your brain and as a result, you will get tired faster. Multitasking can reduce your efficiency by up to 40% so it’s important that you avoid distractions at all costs if your goal is to maximize efficiency.Work floor Layout: Sometimes we lose a lot of time moving back and forth around the work floor. This is time that can be put to good use and help increase out output. With this in mind, it is important to design the work floor in an organized and efficient manner. If it is a factory, the floor should be designed in the systematic flow of processes so that there will be no need to move materials long distances from one machine to the next one.Goals and Targets: Picture this: Employee A goes to work at 9 in the morning and knowing that she will be there until 5 in the evening. She knows her duties, but she doesn’t have specific goals or targets for the day. Employee B on the other hand knows that before the end of the day, she will need to have finished and handed in the report about last wee k’s activity. Which of the two employees will be more efficient? More likely than not, Employee B will achieve more. This is because she is well motivated towards achieving her goal for the day.Encourage employees to ask questions: Somebody once said that prevention is better than cure. It certainly is more efficient to prevent than to cure a problem. In most cases, employees are very reluctant to ask for guidance. Some of them don’t want to appear like they lack specific knowledge and others are just scared. Make sure you hammer the point home that it is okay to ask questions whenever someone is stuck. This will help you avoid costs associated with employees failing after trying to do something they are not conversant with.HOW TO MAXIMIZE BOTH EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITYSince both these things are beneficial to the business, the million dollar question is whether it is possible to maximize both in the same business. Maximizing efficiency requires deliberate focus on every singl e detail of your work and that will usually eat up more time. As a result, you will not be able to produce as much hence your productivity can be reduced.With this in mind, it is important to strike a balance between the two that works best for your company. Here are some things that you can do strike this balance:Regularly assess your process to make sure that you are using the most effective methods for achieving the various tasks. Where possible, make improvements that will either improve product quality or reduce the turnaround time.Listen to your employees and identify any common obstacles that they encounter as they go about their duties. These common obstacles will be your starting point when looking for a way to improve your process. Instead of only tracking changes in output, you can also track improvements such as time saved on tasks like searching for documents.Identify the most profitable balance between productivity and efficiency and communicate the same to your employ ees. For example, having a quality check after each processing station in the manufacturing process will help identify defects early so no resources are going to be spent processing defective products that will eventually end up in the recycle bin. However, doing this will also cost you valuable time and valuable man hours. You therefore need to make a compromise and pick a few critical stations â€" depending on the length of your manufacturing process â€" where you will do the quality check. This way, you will still identify defects reasonably early without having to pay the full price of doing a quality check per station.Understand your market and build products for them. If your target market is looking for high end products and they are willing to pay a premium for it, then you’ll need to focus more on efficiency and quality. If on the other hand they are looking for the cheapest product, you can cut some corners and focus more on getting more output without incurring a high p roduction cost. An example would be the luxury car market where a lot of attention is paid on the details sometimes to the extent of hand-making most of the components of the car vis-à-vis the other mass produced cars.No matter the line of business that you are in, there will always be a benefit of working more efficiently and striving to improve your productivity. With the current trend, the business that will survive will be the one that makes the most out of the resources that are available to it. So make sure that you carefully analyze your processes and identify ways that you can improve the efficiency of your processes.

Similarities and Differences of the Great Depression as...

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION AS COMPARED TO TODAYS FINANCIAL CRISIS ABSTRACT The financial crisis which the United States is combating today, in many aspects resembles the characteristics and consequences which were the outcome of the Great Depression lasting from the time period 1929 till 1933 (Great Depression). The Great Depression of earlier times and the financial crisis of the current times from 2003-2008 will be studied in depth in the following research work in order to bring out the similarities and differences the United States faced during these two times of financial turmoil. Particular highlighted areas would comprise of government bond rates, Gross Domestic Product rates, Interest rates, money†¦show more content†¦13 and did not revive back until 1954. On the other hand in 2008 Dow fell a record high of 14,280 on Oct. 5, 2007 to a low of 10,267 on Monday, before gaining a little to Friday’s close of 10,325. The stagnant incomes in 1929 observed a 4 percent drop in inflation-adjusted disposable income of agricultural wo rkers whereas the top bracket class observed a steady gain whereas in 2008 (Waggoner J, 2008), inflation-adjusted income for middle-class workers dripped by 1 percent. The concentration of wealth in 1929 was mainly in the hands of stock speculators (Tomkins L M, 2008) whereby the richest 1 percent of Americans owned approximately 40 percent of the country’s wealth. However the current figures reveal that in 2008 the richest 0.1 percent of Americans constitutes only 11.6 percent of the total nation’s income (Calbreath D, 2008). As per the information given by Amity Shale’s in her â€Å"The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression†, November 1933, figures reveal that unemployment rate had increased to over 23% whereas in the current times it’s just 5%. GOVERNMENT BOND RATES Stocks performed very badly during the Great Depression but on the contrary government bonds did fairly well. During depression Bond prices did rise tremendously as bond yields came down sharply. For example, the prime corporate bond output level fell from 4.59% in September 1929 to 3.99% in May of 1931. By June of 1938Show MoreRelatedCauses Of The Great Depression And The Great Recession2292 Words   |  10 Pagescauses of the Great Depression of the 1930s and consider what similarities and differences can be drawn with the problems from the financial and economic crisis which began in 2008. Introduction 2007-2009 in America has often been described as the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression in 1929. There was lots of debate whether the economy was slipping back to double dip recession but there is considerable evidence that the economic crisis in 2008 is worse than the crisis in 1930s. 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LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, students shouldRead MoreShadow Banking29874 Words   |  120 PagesBank of New York Staff Reports, no. 458 July 2010 JEL classification: G20, G28, G01 Abstract The rapid growth of the market-based financial system since the mid-1980s changed the nature of financial intermediation in the United States profoundly. Within the market-based financial system, â€Å"shadow banks† are particularly important institutions. Shadow banks are financial intermediaries that conduct maturity, credit, and liquidity transformation without access to central bank liquidity or public sector

Physician Assisted Suicide - 1249 Words

Death is it our right to decide when? Who has the right to decide when it is our time to go? Should the government, the insurance company, or ourselves decide? Should nature be able to take its course with no interference from humans? For years, physicsians have not been allowed to help patients with suicide. Dr. Jack Kevorkian brought it to the forefront when he was arrested and senteced to over 60 years in prison even though the families of his patients showed their gratitude towards him. Recent laws in Montana, Oregon, and Washington have started the trend of Physican assisted suicide, but the U.S Attorney General’s office, are determined to prevent such laws from passing. In the following pages we will look at the pros and cons of†¦show more content†¦Physician assisted suicide would give them that chance, and die with dignity. Vital organs could be saved allowing you to save someone else’s life. There is long waiting list for all kinds of organs that could save the lives of others. If diseases run their full course those organs could be useless to help someone else. Do we have the right to put the needs of the living ahead of those that are dying? Someone who is dying and truly wants to die, nothing is going to stop that person, whether it is done by Physician assistance or committing suicide by themselves. The elderly have the highest rate of committing suicide, because they see themselves lonely and in pain. Which is less traumatic controlled, compassionate physician assisted suicide in the hospital or coming home to find your loved one dead from a bullet to the head. How about this one, you have been busy with your own life, work, children, your home life; you have not had the chance to go by and check on daddy or momma for a few days. When you finally get around to it you find them dead, and they have been dead for two or three days not a pretty site and you will never get over the guilt of not being there. After reading the pros do you find yourself agreeing with any of them? Do not judge to fast let’s look at the cons of assisted suicide. It goes against the doctor’s Hippocratic Oath. When the doctor receives his degree he takes an oath which says â€Å"First, do no harm†. Assisting in the death of someoneShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Physician Assisted Suicide1025 Words   |  5 Pagesprecious hour will give the loved ones a time to say goodbye just before they die with dignity in physician assisted suicide. Terminally ill patients have the right to end their own lives using physician assisted suicide (PAS) without repercussions of laws and people with opposing opinions. According to an article from CNN.com, there are currently five states in the U.S. where physician-assisted suicide is currently legal. In order to be eligible legally for PAS the patient must have six months orRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1418 Words   |  6 Pagesresult in patients giving up on life, physician-assisted suicide should be legalized in all fifty states for terminally ill patients with worsening or unbearable pain. What is physician-assisted suicide? â€Å"Suicide is the act of taking ones own life. In assisted suicide, the means to end a patient’s life is provided to the patient (i.e. medication or a weapon) with knowledge of the patients intention† (American Nurses Association). Physician-assisted suicide is known by many names such as deathRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide2301 Words   |  10 Pagesend-of-life decisions is â€Å"physician-assisted suicide† (PAS). This method of suicide involves a physician providing a patient, at his or her own request, with a lethal dose of medication, which the patient self-administers. The ethical acceptability and the desirability of legalization of this practice both continue to cause controversy (Raus, Sterckx, Mortier 1). Vaco v. Quill and Washington v. Glucksberg were landmark decisions on the issue of physician-assisted suicide and a supposed ConstitutionalRead MoreThe Ethics Of Physician Assisted Suicide926 Words   |   4 Pagesethics of physician assisted suicide since the late 18th century. According to medicinenet the definition of physician assisted suicide is â€Å"the voluntary termination of one s own life by administrating a lethal substance with the direct assistance of a physician.† This would typically come into play if/when a critically ill patient wants to end their suffering. Confirming with the State-by-State Guide to Physician-Assisted Suicide, 5 states have Paquin 2 Legalized physician assisted suicide. CaliforniaRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesrelentless pain and agony through physician assisted death? Physician-Assisted Suicide PAS is highly contentious because it induces conflict of several moral and ethical questions such as who is the true director of our lives. Is suicide an individual choice and should the highest priority to humans be alleviating pain or do we suffer for a purpose? Is suicide a purely individual choice? Having analyzed and even experience the effects of physician assisted suicide, I promote and fully support itsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is A Controversial Topic1929 Words   |  8 PagesOne may have heard of suicide, but not physician-assisted suicide. The two are very different in terms of the act of taking one’s own life. For instance, physician-assisted suicide is done with help from another person, usually a physician; where the doctor is willing to assist with e ither the means of how to take one’s own life or the actual act itself. This can either be by prescribing lethal doses of drugs to these patients who want to take their own life or by counseling these patients onRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1692 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is a controversial subject all around the world. Although it is legal in some countries and states, such as the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Oregon, Montana, Washington, and Vermont it is not yet legal in most (Finlay, 2011). People travel from all around the world to these locations to receive information. Physician-assisted suicide is when terminally ill and mentally capable patients perform the final act themselves after being provided with the required meansRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide1871 Words   |  8 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide should be a legal option, if requested, for terminally ill patients. For deca des the question has been asked and a clear answer has yet to surface. It was formed out of a profound commitment to the idea that personal end-of-life decisions should be made solely between a patient and a physician. Can someones life be put into an answer? Shouldnt someones decision in life be just that; their decision? When someone has suffered from a car accident, or battled long enoughRead MoreThe Rights Of Physician Assisted Suicide1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Die By: Antony Makhlouf Antony Makhlouf PHR 102-006 Contemporary Moral Issues Final Paper The Right to Die Physician-assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, has been a hot topic as of late. If you do not know what this is, physician-assisted suicide is the taking of ones life. This usually occurs when a patient is in a irreversible state, and must live through a tube. With multiple cases occurring in the past, current and the more to occur the in the future, this looksRead MorePhysician-Assisted Suicide Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesof their patients, or to assist them in ending their lives? Many people may believe that physicians would never perform the latter, but in actuality one practice does so. Physician assisted suicide is the intentional ending of one’s life brought on by lethal substances prescribed by a doctor. In the majority of cases, the patient is terminally ill and simply does not desire to live any longer. Their physician provides the medication necessary to end their life. Many supporters aver that this practice

Renal System Study Guide Free Essays

Renal System Study Guide Med/Surg I Major Functions of Kidney: Regulation of Homeostasis -Filters blood regulates contents (water content blood volume) -Maintain acid-base balance -Control fluid electrolytes -Excrete metabolic waste products -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Urinary System Structure: Kidneys (produce urine), Ureters (transport urine to bladder), Bladder (stores urine), Urethra (conduct urine outside body) *Nephron- working unit of kidney *Kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output= approx. 1 Liter GRF= 125ml/min increases at night Renal Hormones: ADH- works in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE Aldosterone- made in ADRENAL CORTEX ANP- inhibits secretion of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone water absorption by kidney tubules Erythropoietin- stimulates marrow to make more RBC’s Renin- made released in JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE decreased renal perfusion= low BP ;JGA releases renin ;Liver releases angiotensin I ;Lungs convert angio I to angiotensin II ; Increase in BP due to VASOCONSTRICTION, myocardial contractility, VOLUME INCREASE becase ALDOSTERONE is released by ADRENAL CORTEX ;Aldosterone causes sodium water to be REABSORPTION potassium excretion **** This stops once BP is normal because it is a NEGATIVE feedback system Lab Tests/Diagnostics: Creatnine- 0. 6-1. We will write a custom essay sample on Renal System Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 End product of muscle protein metabolism -reflects GFR, renal disease is the only condition to increase creatnine level (not effected by hydration status) BUN- 8-16 measures amount of urea (byproduct of protein metabolism in liver) -factors affecting BUN: hydration/ urine flow, hypoperfusion, metabolic rate, drugs, diet Elevated BUN with normal creatnine= DEHYDRATION/Volume depletion/low perfusion -Elevated BUN Creatnine= RENAL FAILURE/Dysfunction Specific Gravity- 1. 003-1. 030 measures ability of kidneys to concentrate urine -increased spec. grav = (more concentrated urine) dehydration, low perfusion, too much ADH -decreased sep. grav = (less concentrated urine) too much fluid, diabetes insipidus, or inability of kidneys to concentrate urine Creatnine Clearance- evaluates how well kidneys remove creatnine from blood -best estimate for GFR renal threshold of glucose = blood glucose level of at least 180 before it spills over in urine *bacturia- males 10,00 colonies, females 100 ,00 colonies of bacteria Renal Calculi/stones: Causes: dehydration, infection, change in urine pH, obstruction, diet, immobilization, metabolic factors S/S: CVA (Costal-vertebral angle) pain, N, abdominal distention, fever, chills, hematuria, pyruria DX: KUB, US, Urine cx, stone analysis, serum calcium phosphorus to detect hormonal problems TX: hydration/push fluids, abx, toradol (relaxes ureters), diuretics NSG: strain urine, stone analysis, push fluids 3-4L/day, teach diet s/s of obstruction Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis – bil. inflammation of glomeruli Causes: Strep infection, impetigo S/S: edema, azotemia, hematuria, oliguria, fatigue, HTN, na retention DX: elevated ASO (antistreptolysin-O titer), elevated electrolyte, BUN, Creatnine, KUB-bil kidney enlargement TX: relief of symptoms, bedrest, fluid sodium restrictions, abx, daily BUN creatnine, diet- high calories, low protein sodium potassium fluids. Acute Pyelonephritis sudden bacterial inflammation of kidney risk factors: urinary stasis, inablility to empty bladder (BPH/enlarged prostate), obstruction, sex, pregnancy, DM S/S: urinary freq. urgency, dysuria, hematuria, elevated temp, chills, flank pain, anorexia, malaise UA: show pyuria, hematuria, low spec. gravity, alkaline pH, proteinuria, gycosuria, kentonuria TX: abx, analgesic, reculture urine 1 week after abx complete NSG: antipyretics, increase fluids, monitor for fever Nephrotic syndrome -clinical manifestations caused by protein wasting secondary to diffuse glomerular damage usually after stress to immune system s/s: proteinuria, low albumin, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypovolemia nsg: low protein high calorie diet, i/o’s, sodium fluid restriction, weights, treat underlying cause Renal Failure Prerenal- obstructs flow to kidneys ex: CV disease, hypovolemia, peripheral vasodilation, severe vasoconstriction Intrarenal- poisions kidney tissue x: acute glomerular nephritis, pyelonephritis, sickle cells, lupus Postrenal- bladder obstruction, treteral obstruction S/S of Acute Renal Failure: anorexia, uremic breath, oliguria, n/v/d -elevated BUN/creatnine K+ -low pH, Bicarb, Hgb Hct Tx: reestablish effective renal function, high calorie diet, diet low in protein sodium potassium, restrict fluid, vitamin supplements, MONITOR FOR HYPERKALEMIA NSG: i/o’s, monitor electrolytes, h, vitals, check for pericarditis, small frequent meals BPH (Benig n Prostatic Hyperplasia) prostatic growth that may block urethra -blockage can cause UTI’s, delayed urinary emptying detrusor muscles weakends results in urinary retention– pt unable to urinate can cause uremia, bladder rupture peritonitis TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate) -surgery that uses a resectoscope to go in urethra clip out portions of prostate -continous bladder irrigation to prevent clots nsg: keep penis clean. never remove foley, Kegel exercises How to cite Renal System Study Guide, Essay examples

Selfish Ambition (Frankenstein) Essays - English-language Films

Selfish Ambition (Frankenstein) Selfish Ambition? The question ?What makes us who we are has perplexed many scholars, scientists, and theorists over the years. This is a question that we still may have not found an answer to. There are theories that people are born ?good?, ?evil?, and as ?blank slates?, but it is hard to prove any of these theories consistently. There have been countless cases of people who have grown up in ?good? homes with loving parents, yet their destiny was to inflict destruction on others. On the other hand, there have been just as many cases of people who grew up on the streets without the guidance of a parental figure, but they chose to make a bad situation into a good one by growing up to do something worthwhile for mankind. For this reason, it is nearly impossible to determine what makes a human being choose the way he/she behaves. Mary Shelley (1797-1851) published a novel in 1818 to voice her opinions about determining personality and the consequences and repercussions of alienation. Shelley uses the ide as of Jean-Jacques Rousseau to make her point. Rousseau proposed the idea that man is essentially good in the beginning of life, but civilization and education can corrupt and warp a human mind and soul. In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (hereafter referred to as Frankenstein), Victor Frankenstein's creature with human characteristics shows us that people are born with loving, caring, and moral feelings, but the creature demonstrates how the influence of society can change one's outlook of others and life itself by his reactions to adversity at ?birth?, and his actions after being alienated and rejected by humans several times. In the first chapters of the book, Shelley describes a scientist who was obsessed with doing something great for mankind. Victor Frankenstein, an educated man of science, was completely involved with his work, which happened to be the creation of another living being with human qualities. Once Victor's work was finally completed, he realized that he had created a ?monster?, and he was terrified. Mary Shelley, supporting Rousseau's theory, definitely believed that people are born essentially with good intentions and feelings, and she shows this from the first few moments of the creature's life. When Victor was lying terrified in his bed, the creature came in and ?One hand was stretched out? (Shelley 40) towards Victor. Victor, in his petrified state, thought that the creature was trying to detain him, but in fact, the creature was reaching out to Victor as to offer friendship. Shelley continues to show how the creature was a tender, caring being for quite a while. After Victor rejected the affection and friendship offered him by his creation, completely abandoning him, the creature left Victor and went out into the world. He soon discovered that the world would not be a friendly place. Persecution, alienation, and affliction would eventually drive the creature into doing terrible things. Sir Walter Scott, a famous Scottish novelist, said: This monster, who was at first...but a harmless monster, becomes ferocious and malignant, in consequence of finding all his approaches to human society repelled with injurious violence and offensive marks of disgust. (Scott 617) The first person who had seen the creature, other than Victor, ?Shrieked loudly? (Shelley 83) when he looked upon his ugly and massive frame. This was a reaction the creature got used to, and he decided he would be better off to stay out of the paths of humans. When he found the hovel near the cottage he watched over for many months, the creature still was a loving, gentile being, despite the few nasty run-ins with humans. His sincitivity showed when he marveled at nature, and cried at some of the depressing stories from ancient civilizations. His tender and caring heart showed when he looked over the family, gathered firewood for them, and cleared snow from the path for them during the winter months.. He had educated himself through this time, and he was trying to get up the courage to show himself to the family that he loved. All of the creature's actions throughout the time watching over the De Lacy's shows his pure heart and good intentions. We are

Gerald Croft Essay Example

Gerald Croft Essay Example Gerald Croft Essay Gerald Croft Essay Gerald Croft tries to avoid any involvement with the questioning from Inspector Goole and says Look here, sir. Wouldnt you rather I was out of this? Automatically the audience will assume hes hiding something and wants to escape any inquiries. Mr. Birling in trying to protect his future son in law from inquiries defends Gerald by saying he is the son of Sir George Croft- you know Crofts Limited. This has a double meaning. In one way Priestly builds up the tension here as we start to believe Gerald has some sort of evolvement in this and that Mr. Birling is trying to protect both of their reputation because they are from upper class society yet this is double standards because as it turns out Gerald who is engaged to Sheila Birling was actually involved in a relationship with Eva Smith. Mr. Birling also has double standards as he is concerned about receiving a Knighthood and recognition in the community yet when Eva Smith tried to better herself by asking him for a salary increase he refused her and because she did not conform had her dismissed like an old rag worthless in his eyes because she did not have the social standing of his own family who seemed to be Mr. Birlings only concern. The Inspector makes it quite clear that Birlings actions had a direct effect on the events that followed leading to the events of Eva Smith but even then Birling does not accept any responsibility and chooses to ignore his part in this girls death. We understand this in Birlings quote I cant accept any responsibility. If we were all responsible for everything that happened to everybody it would be very awkward. Sheila Birling was also guilty of abusing her position in society and through her jealousy of Eva had her dismissed from her second job adding to the distraught circumstances that followed. : As I said at the beginning in a way the play is made up of a whole series of mini climaxes or dramatic moments and each time we learn about a characters involvement with her, its a bit of a climax. You can clearly see a pattern emerging while you are waiting to see how the next characters involved. Each interview leads to a small climax as we find out what somebody did, although some moments clearly stand out as being more dramatic then others. At the end of the second act when you realise the significance of what Mrs Birling has said that is a dramatic moment. She was the hardest for the inspector to crack and find out her involvement and so its quite exciting as an audience to see her shown up for what she really is.  Also a dramatic moment and the way in which Priestly delivers his political message is the inspectors speech. In my opinion the best part in the play because not only do you here the Inspectors final reflection but you also understand Priestlys whole point in writing the play. Another 2 dramatic moments are the realisation after ringing the Police chief that there is no Inspector Goole and then everyone becomes completely baffled but just after they have recovered after believing it was all a hoax theres a final dramatic phone call. The phone rings and everyone learns that a girl has just died on her way to the infirmary after committing suicide by drinking disinfectant and that an inspector was on his way round. The ending of the play comes full circle as if the whole thing was to start over again and I can only say one word to that Brilliant. The inspector gives a short speech before he leaves and trys to make them think of what they had done to this poor innocent girl and that how each and every one of them drove her to her own suicide. Priestly uses this speech and the play to display his and may others of the times Political views in a form of his own political message. The message form Priestly is that the individual and the community have responsibilities. That we can all pursue our own self-interests but we have to think about others as well as ourselves. I think he wrote at a time when he felt that some of the more wealthy upper and middle classes, showed no remorse for the more less fortunate and showed off their own wealth and power. He is not just saying that we should think about others because it is the right thing to do, hes saying that we should think about others because we cannot escape the consequences if we do not think about them. If we cannot help the many who are poor then we cannot save the many who are rich. If we forget about others, then our own selfishness will catch up with us and have terrible consequences e.g. the death of Eva Smith/Daisy Renton by committing her own suicide. The Birlings selfishness does catch up with them in the end. An Inspector calls contains several twists in the plot. The play makes the Birlings ask many questions of themselves and therefore it sends the audience away asking themselves the same questions. Eva/Daisy though a totally poor, immoral and in the lowest part of society is shown to in the last act to be much more moral the most of the Birlings and Gerald Croft.  The girls goodness makes you even more shocked at her death. It is not just individuals like Eric who are guilty, but the whole family and so you are unable to just forget about the crime as being an act of an individual but as an act by all of them. You also have to ask yourself how might you behave in your own family in the similar circumstances. The Inspector, with use of language widens the scope of the responsibility for theirs and our behaviour by making it clearer that there are millions of Evas out there and that our behaviour could have an adverse impact on them and so you are left questioning their behaviour even more. The Emotions of the various family members and their reaction to the realisation that the inspector was not a real inspector can be examined in such a way that you must question your own feelings on this. The realisation that the inspector was a fake seems to lead the family off the hook, but of course it does not and you know this. This only makes us think about the rights and wrongs of the play. Even the realisation that there may not of been a suicide after all does not stop us thinking deeply about the morality of the situation and thats one of the main reasons why I think this is an effective play. As you know the play is set in the Birling household in 1912 before Britain was a welfare state which meant that people did not receive universal welfare benefits and so poverty was much more greater than today. Priestly uses dramatic Irony in that Arthur B thinks that the Titanic wont sink and that there will be no war where as you and me know there was a war and the Titanic did founder on its maiden voyage. I like this sort of dramatic Irony because the characters dont know the Titanic is going to sink and a great war will happen where as the audience, you and me do. Another thing why An Inspector Calls is an effective play is that the Inspector never shows the people the photos of Eva/Daisy at the same time, so they could be different photos of different people every time. Also by sending characters off stage, out of his line of questioning, the inspector can keep control of interrogations. He keeps people hanging on, telling them they cant leave yet etc. more or less implying that they have something important to contribute when it comes to be their time. Finally, of course, amidst all the feelings of relief enjoyed by the family, and perhaps the audience, we hear that a real life inspector is on his way round. This, of course also has the additional effect on you and me that we wonder even more about the Inspector. Who was he? Was there some kind of supernatural thing happening? I mean foreseeing the arrival of a real Inspector and a real crisis for Gerald and the Birlings. I thin perhaps priestly intended him to be a ghost. Well think about it Goole sounds like ghoul. Anyway its a very dramatic moment with a lot of mysterious stuff to end with not to mention the fact you are left with thinking well what happens next as well as all of the moral issues you are left to think about. Also Inspector Goole is so convincing as an Inspector and yet we find out at the end that he doesnt exist. This play has a lot of very good dramatic moments and a cast of strong and interesting characters each with their own purpose. Lastly of course its a play with a strong political message which made maybe still makes you think about our capitalist society and how the upper and middle classes treat the working classes and that after knowing that perhaps Eva Smith/Daisy Renton might not of died they still do not learn from their mistakes which is a shame because I feel that the main thing that makes us human is that unlike animals we have the ability to learn from our worst mistakes so they dont happen ever again and that is why I think An Inspector calls is an effective play and why J.B Priestly is one hell of a writer.

22 Top Career Marketing Communication Strategies for 2015

22 Top Career Marketing Communication Strategies for 2015 The long-awaited Findings of 2014 Global Career Brainstorming Day: Trends for the New the Next in Careers has been released by the Career Thought Leaders Consortium! This report summarizes the findings of a November 14, 2014 meeting of 150 career professionals from six countries who brainstormed â€Å"best practices, innovations, trends, new programs, new processes, and other observations that are currently impacting, and are projected to impact, global employment, job search, and career management.† The section that most interests me in the report is â€Å"Career Marketing Communications,† which includes resumes, cover letters, social media profiles and other career marketing communications. Here are some of the findings and advice you’ll want to keep in mind: Content Powerful, consistent branding is essential in resumes and across all job search messages and materials. Taglines with a candidate’s USP (Unique Selling Proposition) are becoming more common. Great resumes tell stories with testimonials and other unique information that â€Å"connects the dots† for readers. Keep resumes short and snappy, with smart, strategic use of SEO/keywords! Infographics, hyperlinks, graphs and charts are all fair game on resumes! Resume content may evolve to address behavioral questions. Mailing addresses may be omitted from electronic resumes (this reduces the risk of identity theft)- but consider including them on paper versions. Short, half-page cover letters are most frequently submitted in the form of an email. Use a punchy subject line to capture interest! LinkedIn profiles should almost always be written in the first person. Make sure your resume is readable on mobile devices. Craft your job marketing messages with an organization’s culture in mind. Is the organization conservative/traditional? Casual? Dynamic? Strategy Send your resume by snail mail to stand out – especially with older hiring managers. Don’t skip the thank you letter! It will make you stand out. Send a thank you email (it’s fast) and follow up with snail mail to make an impression. LinkedIn Premium is not recommended except to human resources professionals and recruiters. (I would add that anyone wanting to pursue leads from those who view their profile would also benefit.) The portfolio approach for career marketing documents is valuable, in particular for technology and engineering fields. 30/60/90 plans will be requested by more and more employers. Applying to jobs on job boards is discouraged. Instead, identify the jobs on the job boards, then go to LinkedIn or the company’s website to network with key decision-makers. Networking and referrals are still king for getting into a company. 80% of jobs are found by networking! Apply to jobs if you meet at least 75% of their requirements. 100% is not required. Company Context Companies understand a LinkedIn profile is an essential networking tool. Employees can be less afraid of their companies’ becoming suspicious when they update their profiles. Companies are sourcing candidates directly from LinkedIn, and using recruiters less. A large network on LinkedIn is attractive to many companies. Resumes are still important documents, distinct from LinkedIn profiles! If you are engaged in a job search, take this report to heart and create your career success! To read more about the New and the Next in Video Bios, Web Portfolios; Job Search Job Boards, Networking, Interviews Hiring, Career Planning Management, Personal Branding, and other important career topics, see Findings of 2014 Global Career Brainstorming Day: Trends for the New the Next in Careers.

Discrimination in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discrimination in the Workplace - Essay Example These needs should make all employees feel as if they are their own managers or bosses. In addition, an efficient job design in criminal justice agencies should provide employees with a prospect to learn different things in the job setting. It should also attract help and respect from colleagues, increase meaning in an employee’s work, and promote a future that is desirable (Allen, 1993). Job design in criminal justice agencies should take into consideration the Americans with Disabilities Act provisions in creating accommodations that are reasonable to employees who are disabled. The Americans with Disabilities Act is established to safeguard the disabled people’s civil rights. The protection is the same to that which protects individuals of different ethnic backgrounds, religions, and races. Criminal justice agencies should have a job design that incorporates the Americans with Disabilities Act so that all employees with disabilities can wholesomely access and partici pate fully in every societal event. Job design in criminal justice agencies should be made in a way that eliminates any barrier that may refuse disabled persons equivalent chance and job access, telecommunications, organization’s services, and transportation (Allen, 1993). The Americans with Disabilities Act constitutes five distinct parts. The first part is related to employment. The job design in criminal justice agencies should incorporate the employment part of the Americans with Disabilities Act when making their employments. This part forbids any form of employment discrimination against people who are disabled and qualified. Part two is concerned with public services. Criminal justice agencies should design their activities, services, or programs in a nondiscriminatory manner. For example, transportation services in any justice agency should take into consideration all employees including those who are disabled. The agencies should eliminate communications and architec tural obstacles in a new construction or any ongoing one (Colker & Milani, 2005). For instance, their offices and buildings should be manageable to disabled people and those who use wheelchairs. Part three comprises commercial facilities and public accommodations. A criminal agency should permit their disabled employees to get involved in the services and products provision. Their office buildings and public accommodation places should be easily accessible to people who are disabled. Part four constitutes telecommunications. The agencies should corporate with phone companies to provide relay services for people with speech and hearing impairments. The fifth part of the Americans with Disabilities Act comprises miscellaneous, technical and legal specifications. This should direct the criminal justice agencies the guidelines to provide equal or sufficient rights protection to all disabled persons (Colker & Milani, 2005). Nonetheless, accommodations that are reasonable should be adopte d unless they are expensive or of significant difficulty. Question 2 George Lane and other disabled individuals sued Tennessee for not accessing the top floors of Tennessee state courthouses. They argued that they were not allowed to enter the building because of their disabilities. Tennessee violated the second part of the Americans with Disabilities Act. This part is concerned with public services. In addition, this part of the Americans with Disabilities Act permits people who are victimized to sue for damages. On the other hand,

Application letter for a job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Application letter for a job - Essay Example I am devoted to my studies and the steps that I have to take to obtain a future at Trinity Fields. I work very well in team situations and have always developed a good rapport with students and co-workers. During the past two years I have had several placements as a supply teacher in mainstream and special needs schools (both English and Welsh medium). During the Summer 2008 Term I was teaching at Ysgol Gymraeg Ynyswen. At the present moment, I am teaching a CPA Class at Ysgol Rhyd y Grug. I enjoy teaching different age groups and also various topics across the curriculum. I have had the experience of taking responsibility for a target group of pupils from Key Stage 1 and 2 that require extra help with their literacy and numeracy skills. I feel that this is a great opportunity for the pupils to develop their confidence in writing and also their oral skills. I intend to develop this by organising whole class, group and pair activities that will result in the development of the pupils linguistic skills. As a result of several and wide ranging linguistic activities and also satisfactory written work, children of all abilities will be given the chance to improve their language skills. It is my personal belief that no child should ever feel inadequate, inept, or forsaken. I strongly believe that every child has an important contribution to make in the classroom. They should be recognized, in a positive manner, for their contributions no matter how big or small these contributions may be. Students should feel accepted and comfortable at all times within the confines of my classroom. Differences will be praised, acknowledged and discussed within my class. I will recognize, include, and respect all students be they gifted, average, or categorically disabled, privileged, under-privileged, gay, lesbian, blue, or green. I will stress and enforce the importance of this acceptance

Womanhood in The Eve of St. Agnes and La Belle Dame Sans Merci and Mari

Womanhood in The Eve of St. Agnes and La Belle Dame Sans Merci and Mariana by Keats In the two poems "Mariana'' and "La Belle Dame Sans Merci'' and the extract from ''The Eve of Saint Agnes'' the poets portray three diverse perceptions of women. The reader distinguishes a woman as a temptress, a woman whom is vulnerable and is dependent on man, and a woman who is nubile and is innocently seductive. "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" is a ballad, written in 1819. In this ballad, the femme fatale deceives the Wretched Wright she meets. He falls in love with the Belle Dame instantly and is convinced that she too is in love with him; "She look'd at me as she did love". The Tempter is "beautiful, a faery's child"; the Belle Dame looks magnificent on the outer surface however beauty is only skin deep as there is an inner wickedness about her. Her "eyes were wild" and she enchants the Wretched Wright with "faery's song's". 'Faery's' were thought to be from 'another place'. Her love was weird but wonderful to the Wretched Wright, "And sure in language true she said, I love thee true." The Belle Dame is conveyed, as a temptress who knowingly destroys men's hearts, even from reading the title the reader knows this. The title is translated to mean 'A Beautiful Lady Without Merci'; this shows us that she is dangerous to men. "I saw pale kings, and princes too", the Belle Dame had intentionally starved more men before the Wretched Wright form love. This contrasts with "The Eve of St. Agnes" where the reader observes another type of temptress, Madeline, in the poem 'Mariana'. Madeline is unknowingly seductive to the weak Porphyro. Porphyro even sings to her, "La belle dame sans merci: Close to her ear" as ... ...ness by Keats, "Alone and palely loitering", we too connect this image with gloomy, suffering love. As if he is colourless like the "Pale warriors, death-pale were they all." Love had taken away all their cheerful colours along with leaving them weak and defenceless. In conclusion through these poems the reader explores the limitations of society and the influence of these restrictions on women. The reader also observes the power and beauty of love as well as the result it has on people. In all three poems the last line of the poems and the extract demonstrates this; "Oh God, that I were dead!" "For if thy diest, my Love, I know not where to go", "And no birds sing." I think that in all three endings Keats's and Tennyson some up the distress caused by love and the penalty of its addiction very admirably when looking into the poems not at first glance.

Impact Of Globalization On Urbane Culture

Culture has many meanings. As a practical human activity, it is an inherent part of both individual and collective development, from the education of a single child to the finest artistic expression of entire peoples and nations. Culture also refers to the customs of a given society, especially as reflected in its social institutions and practices, including social and political organization and religion. Even in the nineteenth century, cities at the centre of media, financial, and manufacturing networks led the global symbolic economy of the time.Cultural innovations in those days spread by means of exports of new products and models, and of images published in newspapers and magazines. It took weeks or months for these images to reach distant regions. Today, innovations travel at much greater speed via airplane, satellite and the internet. Easier import and export of culture helps ethnic groups living away from their homes to maintain their cultural identity, while exposing those i n their home countries to new cultural stimuli.In earlier years, people moved between the relatively simple spaces of home, work and neighborhood, all of which reinforced bonds based on ethnicity and social class. Networks and institutions of sociability directly shaped local cultures. Today, urban residents commute over great distances to go to work. Through television, film, the internet and popular magazines, rich and poor alike see images of affluence and modernity and compare them with their own lives.The inability to escape these multiple images and sources of information can be disconcerting and may sometimes lead to local resistance against what is termed â€Å"cultural globalization†. Access to more images and information also enriches the cosmopolitan culture of cities. The idea of using culture as a motor of urban economic growth reflects cities’ transition from manufacturing to more flexible, design and knowledge-based production.Since massive industries li ke steel and automobiles based on standardized mass production have fallen, one by one, to competition from low-cost locations, attention has focused on cultural industries – flexible industries that value knowledge, information and technology. Most cultural industries are located in cities. A dense population and concentration of skills allow them to draw upon tangible human resources, and a city’s usual history of tolerance and social diversity offers intangible sources of inspiration and experimentation. What is expected of the new global city?As noted earlier, globalization has introduced new cultures as well as fusion of old and new ones in cities. Already evident in many cities in advanced economies, these new urban cultures are likely to emerge more and more in the developing world. They provide new forms of what we may term â€Å"consumption spaces†, including fusion in their design and architecture, partly under the influence of intensified shopping all over the world. A feature of these new spaces is their enclosure, which tends to reinforce social exclusion within cities. They also, increasingly, signal the transition of a city’s status to global. Impact Of Globalization On Urbane Culture Culture has many meanings. As a practical human activity, it is an inherent part of both individual and collective development, from the education of a single child to the finest artistic expression of entire peoples and nations. Culture also refers to the customs of a given society, especially as reflected in its social institutions and practices, including social and political organization and religion. Even in the nineteenth century, cities at the centre of media, financial, and manufacturing networks led the global symbolic economy of the time.Cultural innovations in those days spread by means of exports of new products and models, and of images published in newspapers and magazines. It took weeks or months for these images to reach distant regions. Today, innovations travel at much greater speed via airplane, satellite and the internet. Easier import and export of culture helps ethnic groups living away from their homes to maintain their cultural identity, while exposing those i n their home countries to new cultural stimuli.In earlier years, people moved between the relatively simple spaces of home, work and neighborhood, all of which reinforced bonds based on ethnicity and social class. Networks and institutions of sociability directly shaped local cultures. Today, urban residents commute over great distances to go to work. Through television, film, the internet and popular magazines, rich and poor alike see images of affluence and modernity and compare them with their own lives.The inability to escape these multiple images and sources of information can be disconcerting and may sometimes lead to local resistance against what is termed â€Å"cultural globalization†. Access to more images and information also enriches the cosmopolitan culture of cities. The idea of using culture as a motor of urban economic growth reflects cities’ transition from manufacturing to more flexible, design and knowledge-based production.Since massive industries li ke steel and automobiles based on standardized mass production have fallen, one by one, to competition from low-cost locations, attention has focused on cultural industries – flexible industries that value knowledge, information and technology. Most cultural industries are located in cities. A dense population and concentration of skills allow them to draw upon tangible human resources, and a city’s usual history of tolerance and social diversity offers intangible sources of inspiration and experimentation. What is expected of the new global city?As noted earlier, globalization has introduced new cultures as well as fusion of old and new ones in cities. Already evident in many cities in advanced economies, these new urban cultures are likely to emerge more and more in the developing world. They provide new forms of what we may term â€Å"consumption spaces†, including fusion in their design and architecture, partly under the influence of intensified shopping all over the world. A feature of these new spaces is their enclosure, which tends to reinforce social exclusion within cities. They also, increasingly, signal the transition of a city’s status to global.

B.C. (or BC) - Counting and Numbering Pre-Roman Time

The term BC (or B.C.) is used by most people in the west to refer to pre-Roman dates in the Gregorian Calendar (our current calendar of choice). BC refers to Before Christ, meaning before the putative birth year of the prophet/philosopher Jesus Christ, or at least before the date once thought to be that of Christs birth (the year AD 1). The first surviving use of the BC/AD convention was by the Carthaginian bishop Victor of Tunnuna (died AD 570). Victor was working on a text called Chronicon, a history of the world begun by Christian bishops in the 2nd century AD. BC/AD was also used by the British monk the Venerable Bede, who wrote over a century after Victors death. The BC/AD convention was probably established as early as the first or second century AD, if not widely used until much later. But the decision to mark years AD/BC at all is only the most prevalent convention of our current western calendar in use today, and it was devised only after some tens of thousands of years of mathematical and astronomical investigations. Calendars BC The people who likely devised the earliest calendars are thought to have been motivated by food: the need to track seasonal  growth rates in plants and migrations in animals. These early astronomers marked time by the only way possible: by learning the motions of celestial objects such as the sun, moon, and stars. These earliest calendars were developed all over the world, by hunter-gatherers whose lives depended on knowing when and where the next meal was coming from. Artifacts that may represent this important first step are called tally sticks, bone and stone objects which bear incised marks that may refer to the numbers of days between moons. The most elaborate of such objects is the (somewhat controversial of course) Blanchard Plaque, a 30,000-year old piece of bone from the Upper Paleolithic site of Abri Blanchard, in the Dordogne valley of France; but there are tallies from much older sites that may or may not represent calendrical observations. The domestication of plants and animals brought an additional layer of complexity: people were dependent on knowing when their crops would ripen or when their animals would gestate. Neolithic calendars must include the stone circles and megalithic monuments of Europe and elsewhere, some of which mark the important solar events such as solstices and equinoxes. The earliest possible first written calendar identified to date is the Gezer calendar, inscribed in ancient Hebrew and dated to 950 BC. Shang dynasty oracle bones [ca 1250-1046 BC] may also have had a calendrical notation. Counting and Numbering Hours, Days, Years While we take it for granted today, the crucial human requirement of capturing events and predicting future events based on your observations is a truly mind-blowing problem. It seems quite likely that much of our science, mathematics, and astronomy are a direct outgrowth of our attempts to make a reliable calendar. And as scientists learn more about measuring time, it becomes clear how enormously complex the problem truly is. For example, youd think figuring out how long a day was would be simple enough--but we now know that the sidereal day--the absolute chunk of the solar year--lasts 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds, and is gradually lengthening. According to growth rings in mollusks and corals, 500 million years ago there may have been as many as 400 days per solar year. Our astronomical geek ancestors had to figure out how many days there were in a solar year  when the days and years varied in length. And in an attempt to know enough about the future, they did the same for a lunar year--how often did the moon wax and wane and when does it rise and set. And those kinds of calendars arent migratable: sunrise and sunset occur at different times at different parts of the year and different places in the world, and the moons location in the sky is different for different people. Really, the calendar on your wall is a remarkable feat. How Many Days? Fortunately, we can track the failures and successes of that process through surviving, if patchy historical documentation. The earliest Babylonian calendar reckoned the year to be 360 days long--thats why we have 360 degrees in a circle, 60 minutes to an hour, 60 seconds to the minute. By about 2,000 years ago, societies in Egypt, Babylon, China, and Greece had figured out that the year was actually 365 days and a fraction. The problem became--how do you deal with a fraction of a day? Those fractions built up over time: eventually, the calendar that you were relying on to schedule events and tell you when to plant became off by several days: a disaster. In 46 BC, the Roman ruler Julius Caesar established the Julian calendar, which was built solely on the solar year: it was instituted with 365.25 days and ignored the lunar cycle entirely. A leap day was built in every four years to account for the .25, and that worked pretty well. But today we know our solar year is actually 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds long, which is not (quite) 1/4 of a day. The Julian calendar was off by 11 minutes per year, or a day every 128 years. That doesnt sound too bad, right? But, by 1582, the Julian calendar was off by 12 days and cried out to be corrected. Other Common Calendar Designations A.D.B.P.RCYBPcal BPA.H.B.C.E.C.E. Sources This glossary entry is part of the About.com Guide to Calendar Designations and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Dutka J. 1988. On the Gregorian revision of the Julian calendar. The Mathematical Intelligencer 30(1):56-64. Marshack A, and DErrico F. 1989. On Wishful Thinking and Lunar Calendars. Current Anthropology 30(4):491-500. Peters JD. 2009. Calendar, clock, tower. MIT6 Stone and Papyrus: Storage and Transmission. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Richards EG. 1999. Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sivan D. 1998. The Gezer Calendar and Northwest Semitic Linguistics. Israel Exploration Journal 48(1/2):101-105. Taylor T. 2008. Prehistory vs. Archaeology: Terms of Engagement. Journal of World Prehistory 21:1–18.