Similarities and Differences of the Great Depression as...

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION AS COMPARED TO TODAYS FINANCIAL CRISIS ABSTRACT The financial crisis which the United States is combating today, in many aspects resembles the characteristics and consequences which were the outcome of the Great Depression lasting from the time period 1929 till 1933 (Great Depression). The Great Depression of earlier times and the financial crisis of the current times from 2003-2008 will be studied in depth in the following research work in order to bring out the similarities and differences the United States faced during these two times of financial turmoil. Particular highlighted areas would comprise of government bond rates, Gross Domestic Product rates, Interest rates, money†¦show more content†¦13 and did not revive back until 1954. On the other hand in 2008 Dow fell a record high of 14,280 on Oct. 5, 2007 to a low of 10,267 on Monday, before gaining a little to Friday’s close of 10,325. The stagnant incomes in 1929 observed a 4 percent drop in inflation-adjusted disposable income of agricultural wo rkers whereas the top bracket class observed a steady gain whereas in 2008 (Waggoner J, 2008), inflation-adjusted income for middle-class workers dripped by 1 percent. The concentration of wealth in 1929 was mainly in the hands of stock speculators (Tomkins L M, 2008) whereby the richest 1 percent of Americans owned approximately 40 percent of the country’s wealth. However the current figures reveal that in 2008 the richest 0.1 percent of Americans constitutes only 11.6 percent of the total nation’s income (Calbreath D, 2008). As per the information given by Amity Shale’s in her â€Å"The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression†, November 1933, figures reveal that unemployment rate had increased to over 23% whereas in the current times it’s just 5%. GOVERNMENT BOND RATES Stocks performed very badly during the Great Depression but on the contrary government bonds did fairly well. During depression Bond prices did rise tremendously as bond yields came down sharply. For example, the prime corporate bond output level fell from 4.59% in September 1929 to 3.99% in May of 1931. By June of 1938Show MoreRelatedCauses Of The Great Depression And The Great Recession2292 Words   |  10 Pagescauses of the Great Depression of the 1930s and consider what similarities and differences can be drawn with the problems from the financial and economic crisis which began in 2008. Introduction 2007-2009 in America has often been described as the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression in 1929. There was lots of debate whether the economy was slipping back to double dip recession but there is considerable evidence that the economic crisis in 2008 is worse than the crisis in 1930s. 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To fully understand American politics, it is a key to understand the dominant ideologies. It is also crucial to analyze the differences and similarities between these two ideologies. This paper will first examine the origins and tenants of classical liberalism, an ideology in which both modern liberalism and modern conservatism evolved. It will later discuss the major principles and tenantsRe ad MoreThe Congo Crisis: an International Perspective Essay example6247 Words   |  25 PagesThe Congo Crisis: An International Perspective There is a need to take advantage of the change that has taken place in the Congo, however tragic that has been in its coming. – Paul Kagame As the third largest country in Africa and blessed with a large endowment of natural resources, the Democratic Republic of Congo possesses great opportunity to develop itself into a successful nation. However, the great abuses of the Congo’s colonial rulers and the lack of central unity across its vastRead MoreBric Analysis Essay11111 Words   |  45 Pagesregional leader in South America. On the basis of its democratic and regional prominence, Brazil has become an effective political entrepreneur at the global level, initiating and participating in multilateral fora as diverse as the trade G20, the financial G20, and now the BRICs club. On issues of style, inclusion, and distributive justice, Brazil reliably sides with the ‘‘South.’ Yet its core public policy instincts ’ embrace familiar ‘‘Northern’’ preferences: liberal, and mixed-capitalist, democracyRead MoreCompare/Contrast the Tax Systems and Tax Expenditure of the U k, Usa and Australia6893 Words   |  28 Pagesfuel, power and children’s car seats. Zero rated supplies include some types of food, books and transport). Goods and services such as insurance, training, loans and some forms of education are exempt from VAT. 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Physician Assisted Suicide - 1249 Words

Death is it our right to decide when? Who has the right to decide when it is our time to go? Should the government, the insurance company, or ourselves decide? Should nature be able to take its course with no interference from humans? For years, physicsians have not been allowed to help patients with suicide. Dr. Jack Kevorkian brought it to the forefront when he was arrested and senteced to over 60 years in prison even though the families of his patients showed their gratitude towards him. Recent laws in Montana, Oregon, and Washington have started the trend of Physican assisted suicide, but the U.S Attorney General’s office, are determined to prevent such laws from passing. In the following pages we will look at the pros and cons of†¦show more content†¦Physician assisted suicide would give them that chance, and die with dignity. Vital organs could be saved allowing you to save someone else’s life. There is long waiting list for all kinds of organs that could save the lives of others. If diseases run their full course those organs could be useless to help someone else. Do we have the right to put the needs of the living ahead of those that are dying? Someone who is dying and truly wants to die, nothing is going to stop that person, whether it is done by Physician assistance or committing suicide by themselves. The elderly have the highest rate of committing suicide, because they see themselves lonely and in pain. Which is less traumatic controlled, compassionate physician assisted suicide in the hospital or coming home to find your loved one dead from a bullet to the head. How about this one, you have been busy with your own life, work, children, your home life; you have not had the chance to go by and check on daddy or momma for a few days. When you finally get around to it you find them dead, and they have been dead for two or three days not a pretty site and you will never get over the guilt of not being there. After reading the pros do you find yourself agreeing with any of them? Do not judge to fast let’s look at the cons of assisted suicide. It goes against the doctor’s Hippocratic Oath. When the doctor receives his degree he takes an oath which says â€Å"First, do no harm†. Assisting in the death of someoneShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Physician Assisted Suicide1025 Words   |  5 Pagesprecious hour will give the loved ones a time to say goodbye just before they die with dignity in physician assisted suicide. Terminally ill patients have the right to end their own lives using physician assisted suicide (PAS) without repercussions of laws and people with opposing opinions. According to an article from CNN.com, there are currently five states in the U.S. where physician-assisted suicide is currently legal. In order to be eligible legally for PAS the patient must have six months orRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1418 Words   |  6 Pagesresult in patients giving up on life, physician-assisted suicide should be legalized in all fifty states for terminally ill patients with worsening or unbearable pain. What is physician-assisted suicide? â€Å"Suicide is the act of taking ones own life. In assisted suicide, the means to end a patient’s life is provided to the patient (i.e. medication or a weapon) with knowledge of the patients intention† (American Nurses Association). Physician-assisted suicide is known by many names such as deathRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide2301 Words   |  10 Pagesend-of-life decisions is â€Å"physician-assisted suicide† (PAS). This method of suicide involves a physician providing a patient, at his or her own request, with a lethal dose of medication, which the patient self-administers. The ethical acceptability and the desirability of legalization of this practice both continue to cause controversy (Raus, Sterckx, Mortier 1). Vaco v. Quill and Washington v. Glucksberg were landmark decisions on the issue of physician-assisted suicide and a supposed ConstitutionalRead MoreThe Ethics Of Physician Assisted Suicide926 Words   |   4 Pagesethics of physician assisted suicide since the late 18th century. According to medicinenet the definition of physician assisted suicide is â€Å"the voluntary termination of one s own life by administrating a lethal substance with the direct assistance of a physician.† This would typically come into play if/when a critically ill patient wants to end their suffering. Confirming with the State-by-State Guide to Physician-Assisted Suicide, 5 states have Paquin 2 Legalized physician assisted suicide. CaliforniaRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesrelentless pain and agony through physician assisted death? Physician-Assisted Suicide PAS is highly contentious because it induces conflict of several moral and ethical questions such as who is the true director of our lives. Is suicide an individual choice and should the highest priority to humans be alleviating pain or do we suffer for a purpose? Is suicide a purely individual choice? Having analyzed and even experience the effects of physician assisted suicide, I promote and fully support itsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is A Controversial Topic1929 Words   |  8 PagesOne may have heard of suicide, but not physician-assisted suicide. The two are very different in terms of the act of taking one’s own life. For instance, physician-assisted suicide is done with help from another person, usually a physician; where the doctor is willing to assist with e ither the means of how to take one’s own life or the actual act itself. This can either be by prescribing lethal doses of drugs to these patients who want to take their own life or by counseling these patients onRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1692 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is a controversial subject all around the world. Although it is legal in some countries and states, such as the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Oregon, Montana, Washington, and Vermont it is not yet legal in most (Finlay, 2011). People travel from all around the world to these locations to receive information. Physician-assisted suicide is when terminally ill and mentally capable patients perform the final act themselves after being provided with the required meansRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide1871 Words   |  8 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide should be a legal option, if requested, for terminally ill patients. For deca des the question has been asked and a clear answer has yet to surface. It was formed out of a profound commitment to the idea that personal end-of-life decisions should be made solely between a patient and a physician. Can someones life be put into an answer? Shouldnt someones decision in life be just that; their decision? When someone has suffered from a car accident, or battled long enoughRead MoreThe Rights Of Physician Assisted Suicide1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Die By: Antony Makhlouf Antony Makhlouf PHR 102-006 Contemporary Moral Issues Final Paper The Right to Die Physician-assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, has been a hot topic as of late. If you do not know what this is, physician-assisted suicide is the taking of ones life. This usually occurs when a patient is in a irreversible state, and must live through a tube. With multiple cases occurring in the past, current and the more to occur the in the future, this looksRead MorePhysician-Assisted Suicide Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesof their patients, or to assist them in ending their lives? Many people may believe that physicians would never perform the latter, but in actuality one practice does so. Physician assisted suicide is the intentional ending of one’s life brought on by lethal substances prescribed by a doctor. In the majority of cases, the patient is terminally ill and simply does not desire to live any longer. Their physician provides the medication necessary to end their life. Many supporters aver that this practice

Renal System Study Guide Free Essays

Renal System Study Guide Med/Surg I Major Functions of Kidney: Regulation of Homeostasis -Filters blood regulates contents (water content blood volume) -Maintain acid-base balance -Control fluid electrolytes -Excrete metabolic waste products -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Urinary System Structure: Kidneys (produce urine), Ureters (transport urine to bladder), Bladder (stores urine), Urethra (conduct urine outside body) *Nephron- working unit of kidney *Kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output= approx. 1 Liter GRF= 125ml/min increases at night Renal Hormones: ADH- works in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE Aldosterone- made in ADRENAL CORTEX ANP- inhibits secretion of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone water absorption by kidney tubules Erythropoietin- stimulates marrow to make more RBC’s Renin- made released in JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE decreased renal perfusion= low BP ;JGA releases renin ;Liver releases angiotensin I ;Lungs convert angio I to angiotensin II ; Increase in BP due to VASOCONSTRICTION, myocardial contractility, VOLUME INCREASE becase ALDOSTERONE is released by ADRENAL CORTEX ;Aldosterone causes sodium water to be REABSORPTION potassium excretion **** This stops once BP is normal because it is a NEGATIVE feedback system Lab Tests/Diagnostics: Creatnine- 0. 6-1. We will write a custom essay sample on Renal System Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 End product of muscle protein metabolism -reflects GFR, renal disease is the only condition to increase creatnine level (not effected by hydration status) BUN- 8-16 measures amount of urea (byproduct of protein metabolism in liver) -factors affecting BUN: hydration/ urine flow, hypoperfusion, metabolic rate, drugs, diet Elevated BUN with normal creatnine= DEHYDRATION/Volume depletion/low perfusion -Elevated BUN Creatnine= RENAL FAILURE/Dysfunction Specific Gravity- 1. 003-1. 030 measures ability of kidneys to concentrate urine -increased spec. grav = (more concentrated urine) dehydration, low perfusion, too much ADH -decreased sep. grav = (less concentrated urine) too much fluid, diabetes insipidus, or inability of kidneys to concentrate urine Creatnine Clearance- evaluates how well kidneys remove creatnine from blood -best estimate for GFR renal threshold of glucose = blood glucose level of at least 180 before it spills over in urine *bacturia- males 10,00 colonies, females 100 ,00 colonies of bacteria Renal Calculi/stones: Causes: dehydration, infection, change in urine pH, obstruction, diet, immobilization, metabolic factors S/S: CVA (Costal-vertebral angle) pain, N, abdominal distention, fever, chills, hematuria, pyruria DX: KUB, US, Urine cx, stone analysis, serum calcium phosphorus to detect hormonal problems TX: hydration/push fluids, abx, toradol (relaxes ureters), diuretics NSG: strain urine, stone analysis, push fluids 3-4L/day, teach diet s/s of obstruction Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis – bil. inflammation of glomeruli Causes: Strep infection, impetigo S/S: edema, azotemia, hematuria, oliguria, fatigue, HTN, na retention DX: elevated ASO (antistreptolysin-O titer), elevated electrolyte, BUN, Creatnine, KUB-bil kidney enlargement TX: relief of symptoms, bedrest, fluid sodium restrictions, abx, daily BUN creatnine, diet- high calories, low protein sodium potassium fluids. Acute Pyelonephritis sudden bacterial inflammation of kidney risk factors: urinary stasis, inablility to empty bladder (BPH/enlarged prostate), obstruction, sex, pregnancy, DM S/S: urinary freq. urgency, dysuria, hematuria, elevated temp, chills, flank pain, anorexia, malaise UA: show pyuria, hematuria, low spec. gravity, alkaline pH, proteinuria, gycosuria, kentonuria TX: abx, analgesic, reculture urine 1 week after abx complete NSG: antipyretics, increase fluids, monitor for fever Nephrotic syndrome -clinical manifestations caused by protein wasting secondary to diffuse glomerular damage usually after stress to immune system s/s: proteinuria, low albumin, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypovolemia nsg: low protein high calorie diet, i/o’s, sodium fluid restriction, weights, treat underlying cause Renal Failure Prerenal- obstructs flow to kidneys ex: CV disease, hypovolemia, peripheral vasodilation, severe vasoconstriction Intrarenal- poisions kidney tissue x: acute glomerular nephritis, pyelonephritis, sickle cells, lupus Postrenal- bladder obstruction, treteral obstruction S/S of Acute Renal Failure: anorexia, uremic breath, oliguria, n/v/d -elevated BUN/creatnine K+ -low pH, Bicarb, Hgb Hct Tx: reestablish effective renal function, high calorie diet, diet low in protein sodium potassium, restrict fluid, vitamin supplements, MONITOR FOR HYPERKALEMIA NSG: i/o’s, monitor electrolytes, h, vitals, check for pericarditis, small frequent meals BPH (Benig n Prostatic Hyperplasia) prostatic growth that may block urethra -blockage can cause UTI’s, delayed urinary emptying detrusor muscles weakends results in urinary retention– pt unable to urinate can cause uremia, bladder rupture peritonitis TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate) -surgery that uses a resectoscope to go in urethra clip out portions of prostate -continous bladder irrigation to prevent clots nsg: keep penis clean. never remove foley, Kegel exercises How to cite Renal System Study Guide, Essay examples